Computer is like a kitchen in a hotel, and the Central Processing Unit is like a chef in that kitchen.
As a chef prepares food, the Central Processing Unit processes data in the computer and converts them into information.
As the food preparation speed depends on the speed of the chef, the speed of the computer depends on the speed of the Central Processing Unit.
A dual-core processor is like having a kitchen with two chefs preparing two meals, so two things can be prepared at the same time.
1.1 Let’s identify the Central Processing Unit
The Central Processing Unit – (CPU) can be identified as a digital circuit that processes data according to given instructions. Whatever task performed by the computer, in all such instances, the Central Processing Unit runs in the background.
The main function of the processor is to execute instructions stored in a computer programme. That is, it gets data and processes them according to given instructions.
Figure 1.1
Central Processing Unit
While the Central Processing Unit can’t be observed from the outside, it is positioned (fixed) on the motherboard, inside the system unit.
Figure 1.2 - Location of the Central Processing Unit
1.2 Let’s identify the Components of the Central Processing Unit
The Central Processing Unit consists of three main components.
Figure 1.3
Main components of the Central Processing Unit
1.2.1 Arithmetic and Logical Unit
Mathematical and logical functions are performed in the Arithmetic and Logical Unit. The functions of this unit can be further divided into two main sub-functions.
1.2.2 Control Unit
The Control Unit communicates between manipulates and controls the hardware connected to the computer. It also performs tasks such as controlling input and output data, ensuring that data is sent to right place at the right time and being alert whether relevant signals are successfully received.
1.2.3 Memory Registers
It temporarily stores data and instructions that are being used by the Central Processing Unit. The storage capacity of the memory registers is very low when compared with other memory devices like hard disk. However its data access speed is very high.
1.3 Let’s learn about the evolution of Central Processing Unit
The Central Processing Unit of a computer system can be divided into four generations based on the electronic technology used to manufacture it.
1. First Generation (vacuum tubes)
2. Second Generation (transistor)
3. Third Generation (integrated circuit)
4. Fourth Generation (microprocessor)
While the above classification of the Central Processing Unit is a simple classification only for your understanding in grade 7, in many cases, the evolution of the Central Processing Unit has been shown in different generations in diverse ways too.
