1.1.1 Functions of a Computer 

The basic functions of a computer are entering data, processing them and producing processed data (information). 

Equipment like washing machines, mobile phones, modern motor vehicles and modern televisions are operated by computer programmes. Computer programmes included in such equipment are known as Embedded Computer Systems. 

A computer is a unit which consists of many parts. We can categorise those parts into components according to the nature of the functions they do. 

• Input Devices 

• Output Devices 

• Central Processing Unit 

• Main Memory 

• Storage Devices 

• Communication Devices 

Input Devices 

The devices which are used to enter data and instructions to computers are called input devices. 

Output Devices 

The devices which are used to retrieve the data and information are called output devices. 

Central Processing Unit (CPU) 

Controlling the computer and processing data according to the given instructions are done by the Central Processing Unit. 

The Central Processing Unit is located inside the system unit. It cannot be seen from outside. 

Main Memory 

Storage Devices 

The devices which are used to store data, information and instructions are called storage devices. 

Communication Devices 

The devices which are used to exchange the processed data and information are called communication devices. 

You can study more about software in the forthcoming chapters. 

Activities in all sectors have become easy by the use of computers. Several examples for such sectors are given below. 

Computer has become an essential tool in the banking activities. 

There are many examples of using computer systems in hospitals.